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In the period between his ascension to presidency in 2000 and the onset of the war on Syria in 2011, Syrian President Bashar al-Assad sought to shift economic policy towards infitah (opening). This policy aimed at reigniting economic and social development, while strengthening the international and regional alliances of Syria.

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A Neo-Mahanian Reading of Turkey and China’s Changing Maritime Geopolitics It is difficult to overestimate the importance of maritime geopolitics in the study of international relations, even for the simple fact that the oceans cover 71% of the earth’s surface.

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ONE HUNDRED YEARS AGO, THE WORLD witnessed the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire and the outbreak of World War I. Both of these two events had an epoch-making influence on the Middle East. Nowadays, the regional order in the Middle East has changed quite significantly, especially after the Arab Spring in 2011.

Read more about China’s Potential Role in the Remaking of Regional Order in the Middle East: Motivations, Opportunities and Challenges

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